{"id":654,"date":"2022-07-28T21:25:53","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T21:25:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/"},"modified":"2022-07-28T21:25:53","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T21:25:53","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"cm-glossary\"><div class=\"glossary-container \"><input type=\"hidden\" class=\"cmtt-attribute-field\" name=\"glossary_index_style\" value=\"classic\">        <div class=\"progress-indicator\" style=\"display:none\">&#13;\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/wp-content\/plugins\/TooltipProPlus\/assets\/css\/images\/ajax-loader.gif\" alt=\"AJAX progress indicator\"\/>&#13;\n                    <\/div>&#13;\n\t\t<div class=\"glossary_top_filter\">&#13;\n\t\t\t<div class=\"left\">&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cmtt_help glossary-search-helpitem\" data-cmtooltip=\"The search returns the partial search for the given query from both the term title and description. So it will return the results even if the given query is part of the word in the description.\"><\/div>&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"glossary-search-label\">Search:<\/span>&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"glossary-search-wrapper\">&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" class=\"glossary-search-term \" name=\"glossary-search-term\" id=\"glossary-search-term\" aria-label=\"Search\">&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"submit\" id=\"glossary-search\" class=\"glossary-search button\">Search<\/button>&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"glossary-search-clear\" title=\"Clear the input\" href=\"\">&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t(clear)\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>&#13;\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>&#13;\n&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"cmtt-attribute-field\" name=\"disable_listnav\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"cmtt-attribute-field\" name=\"exact_search\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"cmtt-attribute-field\" name=\"show_search\" value=\"1\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"glossary-hide-terms\" name=\"glossary-hide-terms\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"glossary-hide-categories\" name=\"glossary-hide-categories\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"glossary-hide-abbrevs\" name=\"glossary-hide-abbrevs\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"glossary-hide-synonyms\" name=\"glossary-hide-synonyms\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"glossary-perpage\" name=\"glossary-perpage\" value=\"0\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"tooltip_language\" value=\"\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"language_dropdown\" value=\"\">&#13;\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"languages_for_table\" value=\"\">&#13;\n\t\t<div id=\"glossaryList-nav\" class=\"listNav small\" role=\"tablist\"><\/div><ul class=\"glossaryList\" role=\"tablist\" id=\"glossaryList\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTermSet\"><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aabb\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AABB&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association of Blood Banks&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AABB<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aacc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AACC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association for Clinical Chemistry&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AACC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aace-ace\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AACE\/ACE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AACE\/ACE<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aafp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AAFP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Academy of Family Physicians&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AAFP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aagl\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AAGL&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AAGL<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aanp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AANP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association of Nurse Practitioners&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AANP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aap\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AAP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Academy of Pediatrics&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AAP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aasect\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AASECT&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AASECT<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aasld\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AASLD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AASLD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/abim\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ABIM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Board of Internal Medicine&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ABIM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/abm\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ABM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ABM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acanthosis-nigrans\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Acanthosis nigrans&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Dark, velvety skin discoloration in folds and creases. Most common sites are axilla, neck and groin.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Acanthosis nigrans<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American College of Cardiology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acip\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACIP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. &#xA0;ACIP is a panel of experts that advises the CDC on vaccine recommendations in the United States.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACIP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acmg\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACMG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACMG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acnm\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACNM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American College of Nurse-Midwives&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACNM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acog\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACOG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACOG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American College of Physicians&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American College of Radiology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acs\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Cancer Society&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/acta2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ACTA2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Actin, Alpha-2, Smooth Muscle, Aorta &#x2013; a gene that encodes for smooth muscle aortic alpha-actin and is one of 6 different action ISO forms; well conserved in evolution. In order to regulate blood flow and pressure, smooth muscle cells require cyclic interactions between alpha-actin (encoded by ACTA2) and the beta-myosin heavy chain (encoded by MYH11).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ACTA2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ada\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ADA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Diabetes Association&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ADA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/agc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AGC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;atypical glandular cells&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AGC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aha\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AHA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Heart Association&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AHA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ahrq\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AHRQ&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW42843643&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW42843643&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The &amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW42843643&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW42843643&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. AHRQ&#x2019;s&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW42843643&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW42843643&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#xA0;mission is to produce evidence to make health care safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable, and affordable, and to work within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and with other partners to make sure that the evidence is understood and used.&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AHRQ<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ais\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AIS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Adenocarcinoma in situ&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AIS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aium\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AIUM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Institute of Ultrasound and Medicine&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AIUM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/apgo\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APGO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">APGO<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/apob\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APOB&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Apolipoprotein B - codes for the main apolipoprotein on chylomicrons and&#xA0;low density lipoproteins and is important for normal LDLR binding affinity&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">APOB<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/arachnodactyly\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arachnodactyly&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Long, slender fingers and toes compared to the rest of the hand and foot.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure id=&amp;quot;attachment_2181&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-2181&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 300px&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption alignnone&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;size-medium wp-image-2181&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Aracnodactilia-300x216.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;Aracnodactilia (Wikimedia Commons license)&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;216&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figcaption id=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-2181&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption-text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Aracnodactilia (Wikimedia Commons license)&amp;lt;\/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/figure&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Arachnodactyly<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aromatase-inhibitor\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Aromatase inhibitor&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A drug that prevents the formation of estradiol, a female hormone, by interfering with an aromatase enzyme.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Courtesy of NCI Dictionary&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Aromatase inhibitor<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/art\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Assisted reproductive technology. In vitro fertilization &#x2013; embryo transfer (IVF-ET) comprises the majority of ART cycles performed for fertility treatment.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ART<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/asccp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASCCP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ASCCP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/asc-h\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASC-H&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ASC-H<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/asco\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASCO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Society of Clinical Oncology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ASCO<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/asc-us\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASC-US&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ASC-US<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ascvd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASCVD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Includes acute coronary syndromes, those with history of myocardial infarction, stable or unstable angina or coronary or other arterial revascularization, stroke, TIA, or peripheral artery disease including aortic aneurysm (all of atherosclerotic origin)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ASCVD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ashermans-syndrome\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Asherman&#x2019;s syndrome&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Endometrial cavity adhesions (synechiae) that may lead to amenorrhea or infertility issues&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Asherman&#x2019;s syndrome<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/asrm\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASRM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Society for Reproductive Medicine&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ASRM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/atsdr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ATSDR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ATSDR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/aua\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AUA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;American Urological Association&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AUA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/auc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AUC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Area Under the Curve.&#xA0; The AUC is the area under a receiver operating characteristic&#xA0;curve (ROC) which is a plot of true positive (sensitivity) against the false positive rate (100-specificity).&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;The AUC measures how well a parameter can distinguish between disease and normal. An AUC of 0.5 represents essentially a 50\/50 chance that a screening test can predict disease. 0.6 represents a 60% chance and is still a weak predictor. 0.7 is better with AUCs of 0.8 and 0.9 representing tests with good discriminatory ability.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AUC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/augs\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AUGS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;American Urogynecologic Society&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AUGS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/autosomal-dominant\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Autosomal dominant&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;An inheritance pattern characterized by one mutated copy of an autosomal&#xA0;gene (a gene located on chromosomes 1-22, not X or Y) in each cell being&#xA0;sufficient for a person to be affected with a disorder. Individuals inherit two copies of a gene, one from each parent. &#xA0;Compare to autosomal recessive where both copies need to be mutated in order to exhibit a disorder.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Autosomal dominant<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/autosomal-recessive\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Autosomal recessive&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;An inheritance pattern characterized by the requirement that&#xA0;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;both&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;&#xA0;mutated copies of an autosomal gene (a gene located on chromosomes 1-22, not X or Y) be present for an individual to be affected with a disorder. &#xA0;Compare to autosomal dominant where only one mutated copy needs to be present to manifest the disease.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Autosomal recessive<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-0\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/awhonn\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AWHONN&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Association of Women&amp;#039;s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AWHONN<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/bcavd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BCAVD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens.&#xA0; May be associated with mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis) gene.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">BCAVD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/biologics\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Biologics&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A drug that is derived synthesized from living organisms or their products (e.g., antigens, vaccines, recombinant proteins, immune modulators)&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Biologics<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/blastocyst\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Blastocyst&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Embryo at day 5 to 6 following fertilization, with cell number between 60 to 120 cells.&#xA0; Two cell layers will be seen &#x2013; the outer trophoectoderm that will go on to form the placenta and the inner cell mass (ICM) that will form the fetus following implantation.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Blastocyst<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/bradford-hill-criteria\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Bradford&#x2013;Hill criteria&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Bradford-Hill criteria: 9 principles, established by Sir Austin Bradford Hill, that are used to assess epidemiologic evidence of a causal relationship&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Bradford&#x2013;Hill criteria<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/bupropion-hcl\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;bupropion HCl&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Learn more:&#xA0;Drugs@FDA: bupropion HCl&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">bupropion HCl<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/case-cohort\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Case-cohort&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Case-cohort study: A research design where cases and controls are drawn from within a prospective study. All cases who developed the outcome of interest during the follow-up are compared with a random cohort sample.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Case-cohort<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ccmg\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CCMG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Canadian College of Medical Geneticists&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CCMG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cdc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CDC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CDC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cfdna\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;cfDNA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;#039;cfDNA&amp;#039; is the abbreviation used for cell-free DNA. &#xA0;In the case of prenatal diagnosis, fetal cfDNA describes a prenatal screening test for fetal aneuploidy where circulating DNA fragments that are primarily derived from the placenta are detected in the maternal plasma. &#xA0;Alternative abbreviations include (1) NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing) and (2) NIPS (non-invasive prenatal screening). &#xA0;NIPS is preferable to NIPT as it reinforces the fact that cfDNA &amp;#039;testing&amp;#039; is a screening test only and therefore false positives and negatives will occur.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Circulating DNA fragments from tumors can also be detected in blood samples from individuals with cancer and are referred to as cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">cfDNA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cftr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CFTR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Cystic &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;ibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. This gene functions as a chloride channel. CFTR controls the regulation of other transport pathways.&#xA0; Over 1,700 CF causing mutations have been identified in this gene.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CFTR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/chop\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CHOP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Children&amp;#039;s Hospital of Philadelphia&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CHOP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cleavage-stage\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cleavage Stage&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Embryo at day 2 to 3 following fertilization, usually 2 to 4 cells on day 2 and 6 to 8 cells on day 3.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cleavage Stage<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/clinical-lead-time\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Clinical Lead Time&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Clinical lead time is an important concept leading to overestimation of survival duration among individuals in screening programs.&#xA0; Example: Two patients are both clinically diagnosed on the same day with cancer and go on to survive 20 years.&#xA0; However, if one of those patient&amp;#039;s had cancer detected 5 years earlier because of a screening program, and survived another 25 years, the patient in the screening program may appear to survive longer but in fact still had the identical overall survival time as the patient who did not undergo screening.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Clinical Lead Time<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cluster-randomized-controlled-trial\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cluster randomized controlled trial&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A cluster randomized controlled trial is a study where groups of subjects are randomized, rather than individuals.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cluster randomized controlled trial<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cmqcc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CMQCC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CMQCC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cohen-d\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cohen d&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Cohen d is use to determine effect size between 2 groups. The greater the Cohen d, the greater the effect size. 0.2 is considered small while 0.8 or greater is considered a large effect size&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cohen d<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/compound-heterozygosity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;compound heterozygosity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Compound heterozygosity describes a genotype where an individual has two different copies of a gene, such that each copy will have a different pathogenic variant.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">compound heterozygosity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/confidence-intervals\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;confidence intervals&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&#x2018;Frequentist approach&#x2019; - Out of 100 experiments, at least 95 of the resulting confidence intervals will be expected to include the true value of the parameter&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">confidence intervals<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/confounder\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Confounder&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A confounder can be associated with both the exposure and the outcome&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Confounder<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/coronary-reactivity-test\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;coronary reactivity test&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The coronary reactivity test is an angiography procedure that examines blood vessels in the heart and determines how they respond to different medications. This test is used to distinguish between different types of blood vessel reactivity dysfunction and is helpful in female patients who may have microvascular cardiac disease rather than obvious obstruction.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">coronary reactivity test<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/counterfactual\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;counterfactual&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Counterfactual Model: Allows investigators to assess cause and effect. Counterfactual outcomes refer to what would have happened in the absence of the intervention&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">counterfactual<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/covariate\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Covariate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Factors that are related to outcome but not exposure&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Covariate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cox-proportional-hazards\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cox proportional hazards&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Cox proportional hazards model allows for the analysis of several risk factors on a particular endpoint. The probability of the endpoint (e.g., death, disease event etc.) is the &amp;#039;hazard&amp;#039; in question.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cox proportional hazards<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cpap\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CPAP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CPAP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/craniosynostosis\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Craniosynostosis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Premature fusion of cranial sutures, resulting in dolichocephaly (sagital suture fusion) or brachycephaly (coronal suture fusion).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Craniosynostosis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/crazy-paving-pattern\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Crazy Paving Pattern&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt; Ground-glass opacity with superimposed interlobular septal thickening and intralobular septal thickening&#xA0;on CT&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Crazy Paving Pattern<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/credibility-intervals\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;credibility intervals&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Bayesian approach gives a range of values on the posterior probability distribution that includes 95% of the probability&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">credibility intervals<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/credible-interval\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;credible interval&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A credible interval refers to Bayesian statistics where, if the probability of possible values falling into the range is 0.95, this is called a 95% credible interval. Contrast with a &amp;#039;confidence interval&amp;#039; which assumes a fixed parameter. A 95% confidence interval refers to the range where if one does 100 experiments, the true value will fall within calculated confidence intervals 95% of the time.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">credible interval<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/creog\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CREOG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CREOG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/crl\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CRL&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;crown-rump length&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;alignnone size-medium wp-image-8282&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CRL-glossary-rev1-300x184.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;184&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">CRL<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-2\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/cyclopia\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cyclopia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Cyclopia, also known as cycolcephaly&#xA0;or synophthalmia is the presence of a single eye in the midline of the face. A rare birth defect, it arises from a severe form of holoprosencephaly, where the prosencephalon (forebrain) fails to divide. &#xA0;A malformed nasal structure, called the proboscis, may be found above the eye.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cyclopia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/dbs\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DBS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Dried Blood Spot&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Blood spots, dried on filter paper. Commonly used in newborn screening.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">DBS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/deer-tick\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;deer tick&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ixodes scapularis &amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt;(deer tick) is a vector for diseases in animals and humans, and particularly known for Lyme disease. Distincitve features include black dot on back and black legs. Note that when engorged following a blood meal, abdomen will be bluish-grey.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure id=&amp;quot;attachment_5104&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-5104&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 141px&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption aligncenter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;wp-image-5104 &amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Adult_deer_tick-267x300.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;141&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;158&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figcaption id=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-5104&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption-text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Deer Tick&#xA0;&#xA0;Credit:USDA&amp;lt;\/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/figure&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure id=&amp;quot;attachment_5122&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-5122&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 142px&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption aligncenter&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;wp-image-5122&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/engorged-deer-tick--300x273.png&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;142&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;129&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figcaption id=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-5122&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption-text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Engorged Deer Tick&#xA0; Credit:Thomas Hedden&amp;lt;\/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/figure&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">deer tick<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/degree-relative\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;degree relative&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;1st degree relatives: parents, siblings, children&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2nd degree relatives: grandparents, uncles, aunts, nieces, nephews, grandchildren and 1\/2 siblings&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3rd degree relatives: first cousins, great-grandparents, great-aunts, great-uncles, great-grandchildren&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">degree relative<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/de-novo-mutation\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;De novo mutation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A&#xA0;mutation that is &#x2018;new&#x2019; and not found in the parents&amp;#039; blood sample. The mutation can occur in a parent&#x2019;s germ cell that will go on to fertilize and result in an embryo that now carries the mutation. Alternatively, the mutation can occur early on in the fertilized oocyte. In either case, every cell in the embryo will carry the mutation. If the mutation happens once there are more cells present, there will be two cell lines, one originating from the cell with the mutation and the other originating from the cell without the mutation &#x2013; a situation referred to as mosaicism.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">De novo mutation<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/diagnostic-mammogram\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diagnostic mammogram&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;While &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;screening mammograms&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; are routinely administered to detect breast cancer in women who have no apparent symptoms,and consist of two views of each breast, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;diagnostic mammograms&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; are used after suspicious results on a screening mammogram or after some signs of breast cancer alert the physician to check the tissue.&#xA0; A diagnostic mammogram may include different angles or cone down views to evaluate greater tissue detail in a specific part of the breast.&#xA0; Diagnostic mammograms must be ordered by a clinician and should include as much information as possible about the part of the breast that is of concern.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Diagnostic mammogram<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/digital-tomosynthesis\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Digital tomosynthesis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Digital tomosynthesis is technique in which multiple X-ray pictures of each breast are taken from many angles. The breast is positioned the same way it is in a conventional mammogram, but only a little pressure is applied &#x2014; just enough to keep the breast in a stable position during the procedure. The X-ray tube moves in an arc around the breast while 11 images are taken during a 7-second examination. Then the information is sent to a computer, where it is assembled to produce clear, highly focused 3-dimensional images throughout the breast.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Digital tomosynthesis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/disulfiram-like-reaction\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Disulfiram-like reaction&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Disulfiram is a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism by blocking the break down of acetaldehyde (a byproduct of alcohol metabolism). &#xA0;The disulfiram reaction is essentially a rapid severe &#x2018;hangover&#x2019; &#x2013; including flushing, palpitations, nausea, throbbing headache and weakness which is caused by high levels of acetaldehyde.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Patients taking metronidazole, the drug of choice to treat trichomoniasis and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Clostridium difficile&amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt;, should be warned to avoid alcohol while on medication and 3 days following to avoid a &#x2018;disulfiram-like&#x2019; reaction. Of note, based on animal studies, in the case of metronidazole the cause may be related to enhanced brain serotonin rather than elevated acetaldehyde.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Disulfiram-like reaction<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/dna\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DNA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around one another to form a shape known as a double helix. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases--adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). The two strands are held together by bonds between the bases; adenine bonds with thymine, and cytosine bonds with guanine. The sequence of the bases along the backbones serves as instructions for assembling protein and RNA molecules. (NIH: National Human Genome Research Institute)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;alignnone wp-image-445&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/dna-300x120.png&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;dna&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;223&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;89&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">DNA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/dolichostenomelia\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Dolichostenomelia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Extremities are too long compared to the length of the trunk. Individuals with Marfan syndrome will have reduced upper to lower body ratios (legs appear too long compared to upper body).&#xA0; Arm span compared to overall height appears greater &#xA0;than normal&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Dolichostenomelia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/dpma\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DPMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. DPMA&#xA0;is a progestogen only method of contraception which is given by intramuscular injection and works by preventing ovulation, increasing the thickness of&#xA0;cervical&#xA0;mucus&#xA0;and thereby interfering with sperm penetration.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">DPMA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/dural-ectasia\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Dural ectasia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Stretching of the dural sac in the lumbosacral region.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Dural ectasia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-3\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/dyschezia\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;dyschezia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Difficult or painful defecation&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">dyschezia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ectopia-lentis\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Ectopia lentis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Displacement of lens &#x2013; pathognomic but only occurs in 60% of individuals with Marfan syndrome.&#xA0; Usually requires ophthalmologist assessment with slit lamp&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Ectopia lentis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/eje\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;EJE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;European Journal of Endocrinology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">EJE<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/endometriosis-health-profile\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Endometriosis Health Profile&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The EHP is a validated questionnaire that can be used&#xA0;by patient&amp;#039;s to assess their health related quality of life related to endometriosis.&#xA0; There is a long core format (EHP-30) and a shorter format (EHP-6).&#xA0; Questions address domains such as pain, self image and emotional well being. The EHP is particularly helpful in clinical studies to help standardize outcome measures.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Endometriosis Health Profile<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/epa\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;EPA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">EPA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/epcam\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;EPCAM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">EPCAM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/epss\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ePSS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Electronic Preventive Services Selector&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ePSS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/erythema-migrans\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Erythema migrans&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;An erythematous skin lesion with a bull&amp;#039;s-eye or homogeneous appearance. May be warm to the touch, but seldom itchy or painful.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure id=&amp;quot;attachment_5038&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-5038&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 300px&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption alignnone&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;size-medium wp-image-5038&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/CDC_EM_lyme-300x203.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;203&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figcaption id=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-5038&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption-text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&amp;lt;\/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/figure&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;margin: 0px; font-family: &amp;#039;Calibri&amp;#039;,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #000000;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Erythema migrans<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/eshre\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ESHRE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ESHRE<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/estrogen-progestin-trial\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Estrogen-progestin trial&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Oral conjugated estrogen, 2.5 mg daily for 25 days, together with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate, 5-10 mg for the last 10 days of estrogen therapy should induce bleeding if the endometrium is normal and the outflow tract is not obstructed&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Estrogen-progestin trial<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/euploid\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;euploid&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;When the chromosomal complement is balanced (any multiple of 23), it is &amp;#039;euploid&#x2018;. &amp;#039;Balanced&#x2019; does not necessarily mean a normal chromosome complement | 69, XXY is euploid, but is considered to be a chromosomal abnormality&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">euploid<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/exon\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Exon&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Genes consist of exons and introns. Exons are the regions that generally code for amino acids within proteins, although there are also non-coding sequences that serve functional roles, such as in the regulation of gene expression&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Exon<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-4\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/expressivity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Expressivity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Expressivity describes how a given genotype (genetic background) manifests clinically in individuals (phenotype). &#xA0;Marfan syndrome is an example of variable expressivity because some individuals will have a dilated aortic root, while others will not. &#xA0;On the other hand, achondroplasia demonstrates consistent expressivity because most individuals will exhibit the same characteristic features.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Expressivity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fbn1\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FBN1&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Fibrillin 1&#xA0;- a gene that codes for an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is a structural component of calcium-binding microfibrills that provide support for elastic and nonelastic tissue.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">FBN1<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fda\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FDA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;U.S. Food and Drug Administration&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">FDA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fetal-spine-axial-view\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Fetal Spine: Axial view&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;1. Vertebral Body&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;2. Ossification Center&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;3. Intact skin line&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;4. Clavicle&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;5. Rib&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;6. Heart&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;7. Kidney&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;8. Bladder&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Fetal Spine: Axial view<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fetal-tachycardia\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Fetal Tachycardia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Greater than 160 beats per minute for 10 min or longer, excluding accelerations, decelerations, and periods of marked variability&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Fetal Tachycardia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/figo\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FIGO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">FIGO<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fio2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FiO2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt; FiO2: Fraction of Inspired Oxygen&#xA0; &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">FiO2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fixed-effect\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;fixed effect&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;S&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;tudies&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;used for a meta-analysis are all assessing the&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;same (fixed) treatment effect&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">fixed effect<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fixed-effect-2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;fixed-effect&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;S&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;tudies&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;used for a meta-analysis are all assessing the&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;TextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot; xml:lang=&amp;quot;EN-US&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;NormalTextRun SCXW105628979&amp;quot;&amp;gt;same (fixed) treatment effect&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">fixed-effect<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fixed-effects\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Fixed effects&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Studies&#xA0;being analyzed are using&#xA0;the same (fixed) treatment effects&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Fixed effects<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fmf\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FMF&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Fetal Medicine Foundation &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">FMF<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-5\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/fmr1\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FMR1&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The FMR1 gene, located on the X chromosome,&#xA0;codes for the FMRP protein which is expressed in fetal brain cells and is critical in the development of synapses.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #000000; font-family: Calibri;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/span&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">FMR1<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/galactorrhea\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;galactorrhea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;breast discharge, typically white, persistent and milk like appearance; may occur between nursing and after weaning&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">galactorrhea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/gard\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;GARD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Genetics and Rare Diseases Information Center.&#xA0;GARD is a program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)&#xA0;at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to provide access to current, reliable, and easy to understand information about rare or genetic diseases in English or Spanish.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">GARD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/germline-mosaicism\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Germline mosaicism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A mutation present only in germ cells (egg or sperm). Therefore, genetic analysis of DNA obtained from a peripheral blood sample would not demonstrate a mutation. However, an individual may still have a risk of passing along a significant mutation to her offspring as the genetic alteration is present in her germ cells (oocytes). Considered rare but has been reported to occur.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Germline mosaicism<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ghr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;GHR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Genetics Home Reference&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">GHR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/gleason-score\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gleason score&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A system of grading prostate cancer tissue based on how it looks under a microscope. Gleason scores range from 2 to 10 and indicate how likely it is that a tumor will spread. A low Gleason score means the cancer tissue is similar to normal prostate tissue and the tumor is less likely to spread; a high Gleason score means the cancer tissue is very different from normal and tumor is more likely to spread.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(Credit: NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Gleason score<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/goc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;GOC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">GOC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/grade-criteria\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;GRADE criteria&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;GRADE Working Group: Grades of evidence are important in understanding results especially those derived from meta-analyses.&#13;\nHigh quality: Very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect&#13;\nModerate quality: Moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different&#13;\nLow quality: Confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect&#13;\nVery low quality: Very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">GRADE criteria<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/grade-methods\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;GRADE methods&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;GRADE Working Group: Grades of evidence are important in understanding results especially those derived from meta-analyses.&#13;\n&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;High quality:&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; Very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect&#13;\n&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Moderate quality:&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; Moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different&#13;\n&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Low quality:&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; Confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect&#13;\n&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Very low quality:&amp;lt;\/em&amp;gt; Very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">GRADE methods<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Guillain-Barr&#xE9; syndrome (GBS)&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A rare (1-2 cases\/100,000) disease of the nervous system, causing weakness of arms and legs and when severe, breathing can be impaired. Death is rare, but recovery time varies and some patients will be left with permanent sequelae. There have been rare reports of GBS days or weeks after surgery or childhood vaccination. Age over 50 and male is a risk factor. Research is ongoing as to cause but there is association with viral and bacterial infection (respiratory and gastrointestinal). An autoimmune reaction results in damage to the myelin sheath.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Guillain-Barr&#xE9; syndrome (GBS)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-6\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/gummas\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gummas&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Necrotic growths seen in the tertiary stages of syphilis in liver, brain, heart, skin, bone, testis as well as other tissues.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure id=&amp;quot;attachment_4566&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-4566&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 300px&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption alignnone&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;wp-image-4566 size-medium&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/gumma-300x197.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;gumma&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;197&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figcaption id=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-4566&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption-text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Courtesy of the CDC&amp;lt;\/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/figure&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Gummas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/harts-line\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hart&amp;#8217;s Line&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Anatomically delineates the vestibule.&#xA0; Hart&amp;#039;s line is visible on the inside of labia minora where the outer vulvar skin changes to the smoother transitional skin associated with the vestibule.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hart's Line<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/hazard-ratio\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hazard Ratio&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A measure of how often a particular event happens in one group compared to how often it happens in another group, over time. A hazard ratio of one means that there is no difference between the two groups. (NCI dictionary of Cancer Terms)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hazard Ratio<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/hellp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HELLP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A severe manifestation of preeclampsia associated with Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">HELLP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/heterogeneity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;heterogeneity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Heterogeneity is the variation in treatment effects seen among studies than would be expected by chance alone&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">heterogeneity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/heterozygote-state\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;heterozygote state&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Heterozygosity refers to a genotype where an individual has two different copies of a gene, with one copy being the wild-type allele.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">heterozygote state<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/hirsutism\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hirsutism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Excessive growth of facial or body hair on women, and commonly associated with excess androgens.&#xA0; Hair is characteristically dark and coarse.&#xA0;&#xA0;Examination should include face, arms, legs, chest,&#xA0; lower back&#xA0;and lower abdomen.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hirsutism<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/holoprosencephaly\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Holoprosencephaly&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Holoprosencephaly is the failure of the brain to devide into two distinct hemispheres. &#xA0;There are differing levels of severity, from least to most severe: (1) middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV), (2) lobar, (3) semi-lobar, and (4) alobar. &#xA0;Presentation and prognosis are dependent on the amount of separation between the two hemispheres and may be reflected in facial structures, for example cyclopia (presence of a single eye).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Holoprosencephaly<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/homozygosity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;homozygosity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Homozygosity describes a genotype where an individual has an identical copy of a gene found in both homologous chromosomes. In the setting of a genetic disorder, both copies of the gene will have the same pathogenic variant.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">homozygosity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/hsil\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HSIL&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (cytology)&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">HSIL<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/hypertelorism\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hypertelorism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Hypertelorism usually refers to widely spaced eyes. &#xA0;In order to determine the presence of this finding, a clinican will measure orbital distances against normograms. &#xA0;Distance between pupils will also be greater than normal. &#xA0;Likewise, hypertelorism can be identified&#xA0;on prenatal ultrasound based on measurements of between inner (medial) and outer (lateral) orbital walls. &#xA0;The importance of hypertelorism relates to its association with genetic syndromes.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hypertelorism<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-7\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/hypotelorism\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hypotelorism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Hypotelorism refers to a small distance between the eyes. &#xA0;May be associated with holoprosencephaly (failure of brain to separate into two distinct hemispheres) or toxic exposures such as fetal alcohol syndrome.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hypotelorism<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/i2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;I2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A measurement of heterogeneity (variation in treatment effects seen among studies than would be expected by chance alone), with 0% being the lowest and 100% being the highest value. &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">I2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/iadpsg\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;IADPSG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">IADPSG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/icsi\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ICSI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;intracytoplasmic sperm injection&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ICSI<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/idsa\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;IDSA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Infectious Diseases Society of America&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">IDSA<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/imprinting\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;imprinting&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Imprinting is an epigenetic process resulting in the inactivation of an allele depending on which parent it was inherited from. Genomic imprinting can have clinical relevance because it may affect the expression of a gene mutation (i.e., the phenotype) in the offspring of an affected parent depending on which parent is passing on the mutation. (credit: NCI Glossary of Genetic Terms)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">imprinting<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/inactivated\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Inactivated&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A vaccine made from viruses and bacteria that have been killed through physical or chemical processes. These killed organisms cannot cause disease.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Inactivated<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/inactivated-vaccines\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Inactivated vaccines&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Inactivated vaccines are composed of either whole or fractions of viruses or bacteria.&#xA0; Fractional vaccines are either protein-based or polysaccharide based.&#xA0; Protein-based vaccines include toxioids (inactivated bacterial toxin) and subunit or subviriion products.&#xA0; Polysaccharide-based vaccines are usually composed of pure cell wall polysaccharide from bacteria.&#xA0; A conjugated polysaccharide vaccine means that the polysaccharide is chemically linked to a protein, making the polysaccharide a more potent vaccine.&#xA0;(source: CDC - Immunology of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Inactivated vaccines<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/incidence\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Incidence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed over a given period of time&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Incidence<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/individual-participant-data\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Individual Participant Data&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Individual participant data meta-analysis includes (1) standard systematic review; (2) synthesis of individual participant level data from primary studies as opposed to study report results which summarize or aggregate the data&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Individual Participant Data<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/international-society-for-the-study-of-hypertension-in-pregnancy-criteria\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy criteria&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Systolic &#x2265; 140 mmHg and\/or&#xA0; diastolic BP should be &#x2265; 90 mmHg on at least two occasions&#xA0;4 hours apart &amp;gt; 20 weeks in previously normotensive women. Proteinuria &#x2265; 300 mg or more in 24 hours or&#xA0;2 readings of at least ++ on dipstick analysis of midstream or catheter urine specimens if no 24-hour collection is available.&#xA0; In preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, proteinuria develops &amp;gt; 20 weeks.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy criteria<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/interquartile-range\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Interquartile Range&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The &amp;#039;middle 50%&amp;#039; , i.e., the difference between 75th and 25th percentiles&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Interquartile Range<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/interrupted-aortic-arch\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Interrupted Aortic Arch&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Rare congenital cardiovascular defect in which a small section of the ascending aorta is absent; will often become apparent after closure of the ductus arteriosis when there is not means for oxygenated blood to get to the descending aorta; often occurs in conjunction with VSD or other congenital cardiac anomalies&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Interrupted Aortic Arch<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/iom\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;IOM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Institute of Medicine, now known as the National Academy of Medicine (NAM)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">IOM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/iqr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;IQR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Interquartile Range. The middle 50% and is equal to the difference between 75th and 25th percentiles.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">IQR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ispd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ISPD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ISPD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/isswsh\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ISSWSH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;International Society for the Study of Women&amp;#039;s Sexual Health&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ISSWSH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/isth\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ISTH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ISTH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/isuog\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ISUOG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The International Society for Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ISUOG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-8\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ivh\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;IVH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Intraventricular hemorrhage.&#xA0;Associated with prematurity but can occur in term infants as well.&#xA0; Bleeding into the brain&amp;#039;s ventricular system is divided into grades.&#xA0; Grades 1 and 2 IVH are smaller bleeds and in many cases, there may be no long term problems as a result of the bleeding. Grade 1 is also referred to as germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH).&#xA0; Grade 3 IVH involves pressure on the brain with ventricular enlargment, while Grade 4, also&#xA0;known as &#xA0;intraparenchymal hemorrhage,&#xA0;&#xA0;indicates brain tissue involvement.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">IVH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-9\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/jah\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;JAH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Journal of Adolescent Health&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">JAH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/larc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LARC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Long-acting reversible contraceptive. Methods include IUDs and subdermal implants.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LARC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ldlr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LDLR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor - codes for the low density lipoprotein receptor that binds the primary cholesterol carrying proteins in the bloodstream&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LDLR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/least-squares-mean\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;least-squares mean&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Unlike typical mean or average, when using least-squares means, the values are adjusted for other terms in the model (like covariates), and are less sensitive to missing data.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">least-squares mean<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/likelihood-ratio\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Likelihood ratio&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The likelihood that a given test result would be expected in someone with the disorder compared to the likelihood that the same result would be expected in a patient without the disorder. The common abbreviation is LR+ for positive results and LR- for negative results. Likelihood ratios of 1 mean no effect on post test probabilities. LR+&#xA0;of&#xA0;2, 5, and 10 reflect a mild, moderate or large increase in effect, respectively. For LR-, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.1 reflect mild, moderate or large increase in effect, respectively.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Likelihood ratio<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/live-attenuated-vaccines\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Live attenuated vaccines&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Live attenuated vaccines are produced by modifying a disease-production (&amp;quot;wild&#x201D;) virus or bacterium in a lab. The vaccine organism can still replicate (grow) and produce immunity, but usually does not cause illness. The majority of the live attenuated vaccines in the US contain live viruses.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;(source: CDC - Immunology of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Live attenuated vaccines<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/lmp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LMP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;last menstrual period&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LMP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/lr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LR+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Positive likelihood ratio: The likelihood that a given positive test result would be expected in someone with the disorder compared to the likelihood that the same result would be expected in a patient without the disorder. Likelihood ratios of 1 mean no effect on post test probabilities. LR+&#xA0;of&#xA0;2, 5, and 10 reflect a mild (15%), moderate (30%)&#xA0;or large (45%) increase in probability of disease, respectively.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LR+<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/lr-2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LR-&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Negative likelihood ratio. The likelihood that a given negative test result would be expected in someone with the disorder compared to the likelihood that the same result would be expected in a patient without the disorder. Likelihood ratios of 1 mean no effect on post test probabilities. For LR-, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.1 reflect mild (15%), moderate (30%) or large (45%)&#xA0;decrease in probability of disease, respectively.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LR-<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-11\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/lsil\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LSIL&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (cytology)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LSIL<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mec\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MEC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use &#x2013; U.S. CDC. There are four categories: (1) No restriction(method can be used); (2) Advantages generally outweigh theoretical or proven risks; (3) Theoretical or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages; (4) Unacceptable health risk (method not to be used)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MEC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mediator\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mediator&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mediators are on the causal pathway between exposure and outcome&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Mediator<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mendelian-randomization\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mendelian randomization&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mendelian randomization studies use genetic variants reliably related to a modifiable risk factor to obtain evidence regarding the causal influence of the risk factor. Genetic variants are random events at the time of conception, not likely to be impacted by bias and confounding &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Mendelian randomization<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/meta-analysis\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Meta-analysis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Statistical analysis of a systematic review is often performed using meta-analysis with various programs and tools available to determine effect sizes of interventions.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;A systematic review refers to a a rigorous literature review, where the question, inclusion and exclusion criteria and search strategy plan are well defined prior to beginning the review. A major goal is to synthesize data from multiple papers, while reducing bias to the greatest extent possible.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Meta-analysis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/metabolic-syndrome\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is based on having at least 3 of the following 5 risk factors: (1) elevated blood pressure (&#x2265; 130\/85 mmHg) or being on blood pressure medication, (2) waist circumference &#x2265; 35 inches for women or 40 inches for men, (3) elevated fasting glucose (between&#xA0;100 - 125 mg\/dL is prediabetes; &#x2265; 126 mg\/dL is diabetes), (4) reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (&#x2264; 50 mg\/dl for women and 40 mg\/dL for men or being on medication to treat low HDL) and (5) elevated triglycerides (&#x2265; 150 mg\/dL or on medication to treat high triglycerides). Metabolic syndrome increases risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Metabolic syndrome<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mill-wheel\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;mill wheel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A &amp;#039;mill wheel&amp;#039; murmur is associated with a large intracardiac air embolus. The murmur is described as a loud, mechanical splashing sound (due to mixing of blood and air in the right ventricle)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">mill wheel<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mlh1\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MLH1&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;MutL, E. COLI, HOMOLOG OF, 1 -&#xA0;involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR).&#xA0; The MLH1 protein combines with the PMS2 protein and is involved in the repair of DNA errors that occur during replication, prior to cell division.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MLH1<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mmr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MMR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mismatch Repair&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MMR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mmwr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MMWR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (CDC Publication)&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MMWR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/moderator\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Moderator&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A moderator can change the size and\/or direction of the effect of the exposure on outcome&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Moderator<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/msh2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSH2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;MutS, E. COLI, HOMOLOG OF, 2 - joins with MSH6 and the resulting complex&#xA0;identifies and binds to errors along the DNA strand. One of the important genes in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MSH2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/msh6\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSH6&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;MutS, E. COLI, HOMOLOG OF, 6 - the resulting protein joins with MSH2 and the resulting complex&#xA0;identifies and binds to errors along the DNA strand. One of the important genes in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MSH6<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/msi\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Microsatellite Instability.&#xA0;Microsatellites are repetitive segments of DNA that are susceptible to mutations. When the size of microsatellites in tumor tissue are different from normal tissue, it reflects pathogenic mutations in genes associated with the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway.&#xA0; MSI at multiple microsatellite regions&#xA0;may be&#xA0;referred to as&#xA0;replication error phenotype (RER).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MSI<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/myh11\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MYH11&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Myosin, Heavy Chain 11, Smooth Muscle - a gene that codes for a smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain. In order to regulate blood flow and pressure, smooth muscle cells require cyclic interactions between alpha-actin (encoded by ACTA2) and the beta-myosin heavy chain (encoded by MYH11).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MYH11<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-12\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/mylk\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MYLK&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Myosin Light Chain Kinase &#x2013; a gene with 31 exons that code for a protein that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the light chain of myosin and is required for the contraction of smooth muscle.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MYLK<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/naat\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NAAT&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is a molecular test capable of amplifying and measuring even minute amounts of DNA or RNA from a known pathogen, such as a virus or bacterium. Advantages include the ability to detect the presence of a pathogen early, even before an immune response has generated antibodies. The test is very sensitive and specific but clinical judgement is still important in making a diagnosis.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NAAT<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nam\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NAM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) began in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine (IOM). It is an independent body of experts that advises on key health and medical policy.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NAM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nams\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NAMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;North American Menopause Society&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NAMS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nat\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NAT&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Nucleic acid test.&#xA0; Sometimes referred to as NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test.&#xA0;&#xA0;rRT-PCR testing for Zika virus&#xA0;is an example of an NAT. The test allows detection of small amounts of DNA and RNA and therefore is very important in STD detection.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NAT<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ncbi\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NCBI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Center for Biotechnology Information&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NCBI<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nccn\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NCCN&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Comprehensive Cancer Network: A not-for-profit alliance of leading cancer centers that provides guidance on cancer screening, risk reduction strategies, testing and treatments&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NCCN<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nec\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NEC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Necrotizing enterocolitis.&#xA0;&#xA0;A condition characterized by variable injury or damage to the intestinal tract, causing death of intestinal tissue. The condition most often occurs in premature newborns, but it may also occur in term or near-term infants. &#xA0;Signs and symptoms may include abdominal distension, bloody stools, vomiting bile-stained fluid, and pneumatosis intestinalis (gas in the bowel wall) identified on abdominal x-ray.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Credit&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;: GARD (https:\/\/rarediseases.info.nih.gov\/diseases\/9767\/disease)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NEC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/negative-predictive-value\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;negative predictive value&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Negative predictive value (NPV) is the probability that a patient who has received a negative screening test result does &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;not&amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt; actually has the disorder. NPV is important in counseling and managing patients.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Compare to specificity which describes the ability of a test to make a correct call in a case where it is already known that disease is &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;not&amp;lt;\/i&amp;gt; present (true negative rate). Specificity is important in laboratory medicine to define performance characteristics of a screening test.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">negative predictive value<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nhgri\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NHGRI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Human Genome Research Institute&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NHGRI<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nice\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NICE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Institute for Health and Care Excellence&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NICE<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nichd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NICHD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NICHD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/niddk\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NIDDK&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NIDDK<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nih\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NIH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Institutes of Health&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NIH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nips\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NIPS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS): another term used for fetal cfDNA.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Fetal cell free DNA (cfDNA): a form of noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy that uses cell-free DNA from the plasma of pregnant women to analyze circulating DNA fragments derived primarily from the placenta. &#xA0;NIPS is often used interchangeably with NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing), however NIPS is preferable as it reinforces that the test is a screening test only and therefore false positives and false negative results will occur.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NIPS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nipt\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NIPT&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is another term sometimes used for fetal cfDNA.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Fetal cell free DNA (cfDNA): a form of noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy that uses cell-free DNA from the plasma of pregnant women to analyze circulating DNA fragments derived primarily from the placenta. NIPS is often used interchangeably with NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing), however NIPS is preferable as it reinforces that the test is a screening test only and therefore false positives and false negative results will occur.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NIPT<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nlm\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NLM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;US National Library of Medicine&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NLM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/noninferiority\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;noninferiority&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Noninferiority study: A research study that is designed to determine whether one intervention is not worse than another control intervention by a predetermined margin. An intervention that yields outcomes which are equivalent to or better than the control intervention is considered not inferior to the control intervention. Noninferiority studies are often conducted to examine whether a new, experimental treatment is not worse than an established standard of care. (Credit NCI Glossary) &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">noninferiority<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/noninferiority-margin\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;noninferiority margin&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Maximum acceptable extent of clinical noninferiority of an experimental treatment&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">noninferiority margin<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nord\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NORD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Organization for Rare Disorders.&#xA0;NORD, a 501(c)(3) organization, is a patient advocacy organization dedicated to individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.&#xA0; NORD, along with its more than 280 patient organization members, &#xA0;is committed to the identification, treatment, and cure of rare disorders through programs of education, advocacy, research, and patient services. (credit: NORD)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NORD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/npms\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NPMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;p style=&amp;quot;padding-left: 30px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;National Partnership for Maternal Safety&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&#13;\n&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NPMS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nsgc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NSGC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Society of Genetic Counselors&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NSGC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ntd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NTD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Neural Tube Defect.&#xA0; Includes (1) anencephaly,&#xA0;the failure of the rostral end of the neural tube to close leading to absence of skull and neural tissues&#xA0;and (2)&#xA0;spina bifida, the failure of the spinal cord to completely close.&#xA0; Folic acid is recommended prior to conception as neural tube closure takes place early - usually within 27 days of conception.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NTD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ntqr\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NTQR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Nuchal Translucency Quality Review&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NTQR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nuchal-fold\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Nuchal fold&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Nuchal fold or thickness is a measurement that is performed on prenatal ultrasound in the second trimester. It refers to the distance from the outer edge of the occipital bone to the outer edge of the skin. Increased nuchal fold thickness is associated with Down syndrome, although chromosomal studies will be normal in most patients.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nuchal fold<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nuchal-translucency\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Nuchal translucency&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Nuchal translucency (NT) is a fluid filled space normally seen behind the fetal neck on prenatal ultrasound that is performed in the first trimester.&#xA0; It may be enlarged in Down syndrome and other genetic disorders. &#xA0;Precise NT measurement is a key component of the standard fetal aneuploidy screening test (in conjunction with maternal serum biochemical markers) conducted between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nuchal translucency<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-13\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/nugent-score\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Nugent score&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The Nugent score, can be used by microbiologists to assess bacterial vaginosis.&#xA0; Assesses large Gram-positive rods (Lactobacillus), small Gram-variable rods (Gardnerella vaginalis) and curved Gram-variable rods (Mobiluncus) are scored and total score can range from 0 to 10. A score of 7 to 10 is consistent with bacterial vaginosis.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nugent score<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-14\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/odds-ratio\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;odds ratio&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The odds ratio is a measure of the odds of an event happening in one group compared to the odds in another group. Usually seen in case-control (retrospective) studies to determine if&#xA0;a certain exposure is associated with a risk of a&#xA0;particular outcome. An odds ratio of one means there is likely no change in risk of a particular outcome or event. An odds ratio of greater than one means there is an increased risk and less than one means that the exposure reduces the risk.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">odds ratio<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-14\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/odds-ratios\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;odds ratios&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The odds ratio is a measure of the odds of an event happening in one group compared to the odds in another group. Usually seen in case-control (retrospective) studies to determine if&#xA0;a certain exposure is associated with a risk of a&#xA0;particular outcome. An odds ratio of one means there is likely no change in risk of a particular outcome or event. An odds ratio of greater than one means there is an increased risk and less than one means that the exposure reduces the risk.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">odds ratios<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/paho\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PAHO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Pan American Health Organization. An international public health agency that is part of the United Nations system and the World Health Organization (WHO)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PAHO<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pao2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PaO2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PaO2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/parp-inhibitor\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PARP Inhibitor&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. A substance that blocks an enzyme in cells called PARP. PARP helps repair DNA when it becomes damaged...In cancer treatment, blocking PARP may help keep cancer cells from repairing their damaged DNA, causing them to die. PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted therapy. (NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PARP Inhibitor<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pcsk9\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PCSK9&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin \/ Kexin type 9 - codes for a serine protease that reduces both hepatic and extrahepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PCSK9<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pearl-index\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pearl Index&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Pearl index (incidence of pregnancy per 100 woman-years) = (number of pregnancies x 12) x 100 \/ (number of women in the study x duration of study in months)&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Pearl Index<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pectus-carinatum\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pectus Carinatum&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Protrusion of the sternum caused by overgrowth of ribs.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Pectus Carinatum<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pectus-excavatum\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pectus Excavatum&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Depression of the sternum caused by overgrowth of ribs.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Pectus Excavatum<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/peep\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PEEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt; PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PEEP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/penetrance\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Penetrance&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Proportion of individuals with a mutation in a gene for a condition who show clinical features and manifestations of that condition.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Penetrance<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/person-year\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Person-year&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Actual time at risk, from the beginning of the study period until the disease is detected, the person is lost to follow-up, or the end of the study period&#xA0;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Person-year<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/phenotype-genotype-correlation\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Phenotype-Genotype Correlation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Ability to predict what clinical features of a condition someone may manifest based on the specific gene mutation that they have in the gene causing that condition.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Phenotype-Genotype Correlation<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/plica-vesicouterina\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;plica vesicouterina&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">plica vesicouterina<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pmdd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PMDD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. &#xA0;A more severe from of premenstrual syndrome.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PMDD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pms\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Premenstrual Syndrome&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PMS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pms2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PMS2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;POSTMEIOTIC SEGREGATION INCREASED, S. CEREVISIAE, 2 - The&#xA0;PMS2 protein combines with the MLH1&#xA0;protein and is involved in the repair of DNA errors that occur during replication, prior to cell division.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PMS2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/polydactyly\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Polydactyly&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The presence of extra fingers or toes. &#xA0;&amp;#039;Postaxial&amp;#039; polydactyly means an additional finger(s) on the same side as the ulna or additional toes are found lateral to the fifth toe. &#xA0;This can be a benign isolated finding or associated with potentially serious genetic syndromes. Clinical follow up is therefore required. May be detected on prenatal sonogram.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figure id=&amp;quot;attachment_3133&amp;quot; aria-describedby=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-3133&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 300px&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption alignnone&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;size-medium wp-image-3133&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/IMG_0374-300x267.png&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;Chan et al., https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2244598\/figure\/F1\/&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;267&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;figcaption id=&amp;quot;caption-attachment-3133&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;wp-caption-text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Chan et al., https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2244598\/figure\/F1\/&amp;lt;\/figcaption&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/figure&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Polydactyly<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/polysomnography\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Polysomnography&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Objective testing for sleep disorders that includes CNS, cardiac and oxygen measurements&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Polysomnography<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/population-attributable-fraction\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Population Attributable Fraction&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Population Attributable Fraction is the percentage reduction in new cases over a given time if a particular risk factor is eliminated&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Population Attributable Fraction<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/positive-predictive-value\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;positive predictive value&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Positive predictive value (PPV) is the probability that a patient who has received a positive screening test result actually has the disorder. PPV is important in counseling and managing patients.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Compare to sensitivity which describes the ability of a test to make a correct call in a case where it is already known that disease is present (true positive rate). &#xA0;Sensitivity is important in laboratory medicine to define performance characteristics of a screening test.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">positive predictive value<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pph\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PPH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Postpartum Hemorrhage: Early PPH is defined as &#x2265; 1000&#xA0;ml blood loss with signs\/symptoms of hypovolemia in 24 hours after birth (includes intrapartum blood loss) regardless of mode of delivery.&#xA0; Blood loss of 500 - 900 ml does not meet definition, but&#xA0;may still&#xA0;require increased supervision and interventions as&#xA0;needed based on clinical assessment.&#xA0; &#xA0;(Based on ACOG 2014 revitalize definitions).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PPH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pqf\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PQF&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Perinatal Quality Foundation&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PQF<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/pragmatic\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;pragmatic&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Pragmatic trials: Pragmatic clinical trials measure effectiveness, i.e., the benefit of treatment in routine clinical practice.&#xA0;Explanatory trials measure efficacy-the benefit that a treatment produces under ideal conditions, often using carefully defined homogenous population.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">pragmatic<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/prevalence\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Prevalence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;In medicine, a measure of the total number of people in a specific group who have (or had) a certain disease, condition, or risk factor (such as smoking or obesity) at a specific point in time or during a given period of time. For example, the prevalence of breast cancer may show how many women in the U.S. were diagnosed with breast cancer within the past 10 years, including those who are receiving treatment and those who are considered cured, and are still alive on a certain date (NCI Dictionary)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Prevalence<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/proboscis\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Proboscis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The proboscis is a non-functional tubular structure that can be found in place of the nose. &#xA0;It is associated with a severe from&#xA0;of holoprosencephaly, where the prosencephalon (forebrain) fails to divide.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Proboscis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-15\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/propensity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Propensity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Propensity score analysis is a 2 step procedure. The first step is to quantify the propensity for a subject to have received a particular intervention based on confounder patterns. The second step eliminates bias due to associations between the intervention being studied and the confounding factors.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Propensity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/radial-ray-anomalies\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Radial Ray Anomalies&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A radial ray anomaly (Radial dysplasia, Radial Longitudinal Deficiency) refers to the incomplete development or total absence of the radius bone.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Radial Ray Anomalies<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/random-effect\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;random effect&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A random effects model may be used in a meta-analysis because of real differences in the treatment effect in each study as well as sampling variability (chance). These treatment effect differences may be due to differences in study populations (e.g. age), how a drug is administered (e.g. dose) interventions received (such as dose of drug) or other factors&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">random effect<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/random-effect-2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;random-effect&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A random effects model may be used in a meta-analysis because of real differences in the treatment effect in each study as well as sampling variability (chance). These treatment effect differences may be due to differences in study populations (e.g. age), how a drug is administered (e.g. dose) interventions received (such as dose of drug) or other factors&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">random-effect<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/random-effects\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Random effects&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A random effects model may be used in a meta-analysis because of real differences in the treatment effect in each study as well as sampling variability (chance). These treatment effect differences may be due to differences in study populations (e.g. age), how a drug is administered (e.g. dose) interventions received (such as dose of drug) or other factors&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Random effects<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/random-effects-2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Random-Effects&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A random effects model may be used in a meta-analysis because of real differences in the treatment effect in each study as well as sampling variability (chance). These treatment effect differences may be due to differences in study populations (e.g. age), how a drug is administered (e.g. dose) interventions received (such as dose of drug) or other factors&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Random-Effects<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/ranzcog\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;RANZCOG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">RANZCOG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/rate-ratio\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;rate ratio&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The incidence rate of a particular event in an exposed group divided by the incidence rate in an unexposed group.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">rate ratio<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/rcog\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;RCOG&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">RCOG<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/rds\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;RDS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Respiratory distress syndrome. RDS is a common lung disorder in premature infants. RDS usually develops in the first 24 hours after birth. The main cause of RDS is a lack of surfactant in the lungs. Pulmonary surfactant stabilizes the tiny air sacs in the lungs, the alveoli, and keeps them from collapsing between breaths. Credit: NHLBI (NIH)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">RDS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/relative-risk\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;relative risk&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A measure of the risk of a certain event happening in one group compared to the risk of the same event happening in another group. Also called a Risk Ratio. Common abbreviation &amp;#039;RR&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Courtesy of&#xA0;NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">relative risk<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/risk-ratio\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;risk ratio&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A measure of the risk of a certain event happening in one group compared to the risk of the same event happening in another group. Also called a Relative Risk. Common abbreviation &amp;#039;RR&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Courtesy of NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">risk ratio<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/roc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ROC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Receiver Operating Characteristic. The ROC is a plot of true positive (sensitivity) against the false positive rate (100-specificity).&#xA0;&#xA0;&#xA0;The area under this curve (AUC) measures how well a parameter can distinguish between disease and normal. An AUC of 0.5 represents essentially a 50\/50 chance that a screening test can predict disease. 0.6 represents a 60% chance and is still a weak predictor. 0.7 is better with AUCs of 0.8 and 0.9 representing tests with good discriminatory ability.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ROC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-17\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/rusp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;RUSP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The RUSP is a list of disorders that the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services recommends for states to screen as part of their state universal newborn screening programs&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">RUSP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sart\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Society for Assisted Reproductive&#xA0; Technology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SART<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sd\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Standard deviation.&#xA0; The SD indicates the spread of the numbers in a dataset and is the square root of the variance. The variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/secondary-findings\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;secondary findings&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) have identified mutations that are of sufficient risk to patient health that laboratories have been advised to report out these &amp;#039;secondary&amp;#039; findings even if&#xA0;analysis of these specific&#xA0;genes were not the initial indication for genetic testing. &#xA0;Examples include&#xA0;known or expected pathogenic&#xA0;variants in genes related to Marfan syndrome gene (FBN1) associated with risk of aortic dissection and Breast Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (BRCA1 and BRCA2).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">secondary findings<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/seer\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SEER&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program provides information on cancer statistics, in an effort to reduce the cancer burden among the U.S. population. SEER is a program of the National Cancer Institute of the NIH&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SEER<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sensitivity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sensitivity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Also called the true positive rate. Measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., the percentage of&#xA0; people with the disorder of interest who are correctly identified as having the condition). Calculated as TP\/TP+FN where TP is true positives (have the disease and test positive) and FN is false negatives (have the disease, test negative).&#xA0; Helpful when you know how many laboratory samples&#xA0;are&#xA0;truly positive for disease&#xA0;and you want to know how many of these will be detected. However, in an office setting, you are typically screening otherwise normal individuals and do not know who does and who does not have a condition.&#xA0; Therefore, positive predictive value (PPV)&#xA0;becomes very important as this answers the meaningful clinical question of what is the chance that an otherwise healthy individual actually has the condition if the screening test is positive.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Sensitivity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/serm\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SERM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator. &#xA0;A class of drugs that can bind to estrogen receptors. &#xA0;Depending on the tissue, the drug can stimulate cells similar to estrogen (agonist) or block estrogen signaling (antagonist).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SERM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sex-therapist\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex Therapist&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A talk therapist who works with clients on issues of sexuality. The range of sex therapists include those who do only sex education, to behavior modification to intensive psychotherapy.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Sex Therapist<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sexual-health-specialist\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexual Health Specialist&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A physician who has been trained specifically in conditions which effect sexual health: low desire, orgasmic problems, pain with intercourse or orgasm and orgasmic issues.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Sexual Health Specialist<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sfp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SFP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Society of Family Planning &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SFP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sgo\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SGO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Society of Gynecologic Oncology&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SGO<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sgs\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SGS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Society of Gynecologic Surgeons&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SGS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/smad3\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SMAD3&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, Drosophila, Homologous of 3 &#x2013; a gene that codes a 9 exon protein product that is involved in the biologic responses to TGF-beta, a growth factor important for development, cell proliferation and differentiation.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SMAD3<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/smfm\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SMFM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SMFM<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/smn1\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SMN1&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Survival motor neuron 1 gene.&#xA0; The SMN1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 15 (5q13). Deletions or loss of function mutations result in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SMN1<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/smn2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SMN2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Survival of Motor Neuron 2 gene. SMN2 is structurally similar to the SMN1 gene and also codes for the SMN protein that if insufficiently expressed, will lead to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).&#xA0; The SMN protein produced by SMN2, compared to that of SMN1 is shortened and dysfunctional.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SMN2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/snp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SNP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. &#xA0;A SNP is a variant in DNA where individuals will differ at a single nucleotide position. For example, one person may have a &amp;#039;C&amp;#039; (cytosine) and another individual may have a &amp;#039;G&amp;#039; (guanine) at a particular site along the DNA. &#xA0;These variations are called &amp;#039;alleles&amp;#039; for this particular position. Variants will usually be present in a frequency of at least &amp;gt; 1% in a population. &#xA0;SNPs occur approximately every 300 base pairs which means there may be over 10 million SNPs in the human genome. Usually found between genes, they may have no significance or may be associated with metabolic processes or drug responses. If the SNPs occur close or within a gene, they may associated with disease.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SNP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/snps\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SNPs&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. A SNP is a variant in DNA where individuals will differ at a single nucleotide position. For example, one person may have a &amp;#039;C&amp;#039; (cytosine) and another individual may have a &amp;#039;G&amp;#039; (guanine) at a particular site along the DNA. These variations are called &amp;#039;alleles&amp;#039; for this particular position. Variants will usually be present in a frequency of at least &amp;gt; 1% in a population. SNPs occur approximately every 300 base pairs which means there may be over 10 million SNPs in the human genome. Usually found between genes, they may have no significance or may be associated with metabolic processes or drug responses. If the SNPs occur close or within a gene, they may associated with disease.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SNPs<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sogc\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SOGC&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SOGC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sogh\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SOGH&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Society of Ob\/Gyn Hospitalists &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SOGH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/specificity\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Specificity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Also called the true negative rate. Measures the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., the percentage of healthy people are correctly identified as not having the condition). Calculated as TN\/TN+FP where TN is true negative (test negative, don&amp;#039;t have the disease) and FP is false positive (test positive, don&amp;#039;t have the disease).&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Specificity<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/spo2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SpO2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt; SpO2: peripheral capillary oxygen saturation &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SpO2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sstar\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SSTAR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Society for Sex Therapy and Research&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SSTAR<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/standardized-incidence-ratio\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;standardized incidence ratio&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) is calculated as the ratio of the observed number of cases to the expected number of cases. The observed number of cases refers to the number of cases in the study population of interest. (credit: Cancer Institute NSW)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">standardized incidence ratio<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/std\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;STD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Sexually transmitted Disease.&#xA0; Diseases or infections that can be spread by direct sexual contact.&#xA0; Sexually transmitted infection, or STI, &#xA0;is sometimes used interchangeably with STD.&#xA0; However, the use of STI is helpful as a reminder that often, people can carry a sexually transmitted &amp;#039;infection&amp;#039; but be asymptomatic.&#xA0; STD denotes &amp;#039;disease&amp;#039; or&#xA0;symptomatology.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">STD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/submucosal-cleft-palate\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Submucosal Cleft Palate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Cleft involving the soft palate musculature; variable presentation that may include a bifid uvula, a translucent zone and a bony notch at the posterior edge of the hard palate; often not diagnosed until child begins speaking and demonstrates a &amp;quot;nasal&#x201D;-sounding speech pattern&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Submucosal Cleft Palate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/submucosal-cleft-palate-smcp\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Submucosal cleft palate (SMCP)&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Visual anatomical findings include (1) a bifid uvula, (2) a bony notch in the posterior part of the hard palate and\/or (3) a muscle diastasis called a &amp;#039;zona pellucida&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;translucent zone&amp;#039;. &#xA0;SMCP does not need to include all three findings and can be occult. &#xA0;Diagnosis is often made later in life, from 4 to 5 years of age. &#xA0;Children will present with speech difficulties as well as swallowing abnormalities. &#xA0;Hearing problems can also occur related to abnormal Eustachian tube function and middle ear infections.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Submucosal cleft palate (SMCP)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/sufu\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SUFU&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine &amp;amp; Urogenital Reconstruction&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SUFU<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/survival-bias\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Survival bias&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Survival (or survivorship) bias refers to observations among a cohort that has survived due to resilience but leaves out other observations among cohorts where individuals may not have survived resulting in overly optimistic outcomes &amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Survival bias<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-18\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/systematic-review\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Systematic review&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A systematic review refers to a a rigorous literature review, where the question, inclusion and exclusion criteria and search strategy plan are well defined prior to beginning the review. &#xA0;A major goal is to synthesize data from multiple papers, while reducing bias to the greatest extent possible.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Statistical analysis of the data is often performed using meta-analysis with various programs and tools available to determine effect sizes of interventions.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Systematic review<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-19\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/tabes-dorsalis\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Tabes dorsalis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Slow degeneration of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. May follow the initial syphilis infection by decades. Symptoms include weakness, decreased reflexes, paresthesias, gait disturbances, loss of coordination, personality changes.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Tabes dorsalis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-19\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/tgfbr1\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;TGFBR1&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Transforming Growth Factor, Type I &#x2013; Beta Receptor: a gene that encodes for a serine\/threonine kinase receptor for transforming growth factor-beta, important for development, cell proliferation and differentiation.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">TGFBR1<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-19\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/tgfbr2\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;TGFBR2&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Receptor, Type II - gene that encodes for a transmembrane receptor, predicted to function as a serine\/throwing kinase.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">TGFBR2<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-19\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/trichilemmoma\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Trichilemmoma&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A benign tumor arising from outer cells of hair follicles, seen primarily on face and neck.&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;wp-image-5441 size-medium&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Trichilemmoma_-_Nci-vol-9808-72-300x208.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;208&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Credit: National Cancer Institute&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Trichilemmoma<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-19\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/truncus-arteriosus\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Truncus Arteriosus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Rare congenital cardiovascular defect in which the aorta and pulmonary artery do not develop into distinct vessels leaving the heart, but instead remain a common arterial vessel; seen with a large VSD; infants are cyanotic at birth&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Truncus Arteriosus<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-20\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/uniparental-disomy\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Uniparental Disomy&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Also known as UPD.&#xA0; Chromosomes come in pairs, where usually one chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other from the father.&#xA0; In UPD, both chromosomes in the pair, or regions of both chromosomes, are inherited from only one parent. Abnormalities and genetic syndromes have been seen particularly when UPD affects certain chromosomes, such as 6, 7, 11, 14 and 15.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Uniparental Disomy<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-20\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/urothelial-cancers\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;urothelial cancers&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A urothelial cancer is a malignant&#xA0;neoplasm derived from transitional epithelium, occurring chiefly in the urinary bladder, ureters, or renal pelves (especially if well differentiated); frequently papillary; these carcinomas are graded according to the degree of anaplasia. Credit: NCI Dictionary&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">urothelial cancers<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-20\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/uspstf\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;USPSTF&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;U.S. Preventive Services Task Force&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">USPSTF<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-20\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/usptf\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;USPTF&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;U.S. Preventive Services Task Force&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">USPTF<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-21\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/va-dod\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;VA\/DoD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">VA\/DoD<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-21\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/verification-bias\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Verification bias&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Patients or physicians may be reluctant to confirm a negative initial finding with an invasive gold standard follow up study. In studies where obtaining the gold standard test on every patient may not be feasible and\/or ethical, researchers may do a random sampling to confirm negative results&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Verification bias<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-21\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/virilization\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Virilization&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Development of male characteristics in a female. May include male pattern hair growth, enlargement of the clitoris, deepening of the voice, muscle bulk. Generally a result of excess androgen production.&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Virilization<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-21\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/vus\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;VUS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Variant of uncertain significance.&#xA0;A variation in a genetic sequence whose association with disease risk is unknown. Also called unclassified variant, variant of uncertain significance, and VUS. (NCI Dictionary of Genetic Terms)&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">VUS<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-22\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/walker-murdoch-wrist-sign\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Walker-Murdoch Wrist sign&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Distal phalanx of thumb and little finger overlap when grasping opposite wrist.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img class=&amp;quot;alignnone wp-image-2168 size-medium&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http:\/\/obgprojectdev.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Marfan-wrist-sign-300x209.jpg&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;marfan-wrist-sign&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;300&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;209&amp;quot; \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24165013&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Walker-Murdoch Wrist sign<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-22\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/whi\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;WHI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The Women&amp;#039;s Health Initiative.&#xA0; A major 15-year research program to address the most common causes of death, disability and poor quality of life in postmenopausal women - cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;credit: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/whi\/&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">WHI<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-22\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/whiff-test\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Whiff test&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Fishy odor of vaginal discharge before or after addition of 10% KOH&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Whiff test<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-22\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/wilcoxon-rank-sum-test\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Wilcoxon rank sum test&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Assesses how likely it is for 2 populations to have the same median&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Wilcoxon rank sum test<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-23\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/x-linked-dominant\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;X-linked dominant&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;X-linked dominant disorders result from pathogenic variants in genes that are located on the X chromosome.&#xA0; The disorder is considered &amp;#039;dominant&amp;#039; because the presence of a pathogenic variant in only one copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. Males will usually exhibit more severe manifestations than females. Fathers can not pass on the disease to sons as they inherit the Y, not the X chromosome, also known as absence of &amp;#039;male-to-male&amp;#039; transmission.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">X-linked dominant<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" ln-25\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obgconnect.com\/curbside\/glossary\/z-score\/\" role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;z-score&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Z-score is also known as the standard score. Represents the number of standard deviations an element is from the mean&lt;\/div&gt;\"><span itemprop=\"name\">z-score<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Search: Search (clear) AABBAACCAACE\/ACEAAFPAAGLAANPAAPAASECTAASLDABIMABMAcanthosis nigransACCACIPACMGACNMACOGACPACRACSACTA2ADAAGCAHAAHRQAISAIUMAPGOAPOBArachnodactylyAromatase inhibitorARTASCCPASC-HASCOASC-USASCVDAsherman\u2019s syndromeASRMATSDRAUAAUCAUGSAutosomal dominantAutosomal recessiveAWHONNBCAVDBiologicsBlastocystBradford\u2013Hill criteriabupropion HClCase-cohortCCMGCDCcfDNACFTRCHOPCleavage StageClinical Lead TimeCluster randomized controlled trialCMQCCCohen dcompound heterozygosityconfidence intervalsConfoundercoronary reactivity testcounterfactualCovariateCox proportional hazardsCPAPCraniosynostosisCrazy Paving Patterncredibility intervalscredible intervalCREOGCRLCyclopiaDBSdeer tickdegree relativeDe novo mutationDiagnostic mammogramDigital tomosynthesisDisulfiram-like reactionDNADolichostenomeliaDPMADural ectasiadyscheziaEctopia lentisEJEEndometriosis Health ProfileEPAEPCAMePSSErythema migransESHREEstrogen-progestin trialeuploidExonExpressivityFBN1FDAFetal Spine: Axial viewFetal TachycardiaFIGOFiO2fixed effectfixed-effectFixed effectsFMFFMR1galactorrheaGARDGermline mosaicismGHRGleason scoreGOCGRADE criteriaGRADE methodsGuillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS)GummasHart's LineHazard RatioHELLPheterogeneityheterozygote [...]","protected":false},"author":3366,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-654","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":"","ultp_layout_landscape_large":"","ultp_layout_landscape":"","ultp_layout_portrait":"","ultp_layout_square":"","woocommerce_thumbnail":"","woocommerce_single":"","woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":""},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>&#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; Search:&#13; &#13; &#13; Search&#13; &#13; &#13; (clear) &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; &#13; AABBAACCAACE\/ACEAAFPAAGLAANPAAPAASECTAASLDABIMABMAcanthosis nigransACCACIPACMGACNMACOGACPACRACSACTA2ADAAGCAHAAHRQAISAIUMAPGOAPOBArachnodactylyAromatase inhibitorARTASCCPASC-HASCOASC-USASCVDAsherman&#x2019;s syndromeASRMATSDRAUAAUCAUGSAutosomal dominantAutosomal recessiveAWHONNBCAVDBiologicsBlastocystBradford&#x2013;Hill criteriabupropion HClCase-cohortCCMGCDCcfDNACFTRCHOPCleavage StageClinical Lead TimeCluster randomized controlled trialCMQCCCohen dcompound heterozygosityconfidence intervalsConfoundercoronary reactivity testcounterfactualCovariateCox proportional hazardsCPAPCraniosynostosisCrazy Paving Patterncredibility intervalscredible intervalCREOGCRLCyclopiaDBSdeer tickdegree relativeDe novo mutationDiagnostic mammogramDigital tomosynthesisDisulfiram-like reactionDNADolichostenomeliaDPMADural ectasiadyscheziaEctopia lentisEJEEndometriosis Health ProfileEPAEPCAMePSSErythema migransESHREEstrogen-progestin trialeuploidExonExpressivityFBN1FDAFetal Spine: Axial viewFetal TachycardiaFIGOFiO2fixed effectfixed-effectFixed effectsFMFFMR1galactorrheaGARDGermline mosaicismGHRGleason scoreGOCGRADE criteriaGRADE methodsGuillain-Barr&#xE9; 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